Google:
Starting with Android 12 on Pixel devices, you’ll be able to completely personalize your phone with a custom color palette and redesigned widgets. Using what we call color extraction, you choose your wallpaper, and the system automatically determines which colors are dominant, which ones are complementary and which ones just look great. It then applies those colors across the entire OS: the notification shade, the lock screen, the volume controls, new widgets and much more.
I found this because Matt Birchler is nice enough to make great wallpapers (what we old-school Mac users call desktop images) for the Mac and iPhone, and he made some inspired by Material You (thanks, Matt!). But this sounds like a great design touch, one that is present, for example, in Google Forms: when you select a banner image, the form adapts its color scheme to match the colors that predominate in the header image. It’s pretty cool.